1. improved variety structure. The introduction of tobacco rich, Royal La, Sasa and other varieties to promote the gradual replacement of old, miscellaneous and inferior varieties. Chang Fu and Qiu Fu should also be replaced by superior varieties of Fuji. New varieties and new rootstocks are adopted in the new apple orchard.
2. reasonable close planting, scientific planting and improving the quality of building gardens.
First, strictly prepare the soil and apply the base fertilizer. Before planting, the planting pit should be digged according to the required density, the specification is 0.8m *O.8m *O.8m, or the planting ditch should be digged according to the row, the specification is 0.6m deep and 0.8m wide. Separate the subsoil from the surface soil, apply 10000kg of bottom fertilizer per mu, mix with the surface soil and fill it back to 20 cm away from the ground, and step on it.
Reasonable close planting. In order to rationally and fully utilize the land resources, the newly-built apple orchard was planted in close planting with the row spacing of 2-3 m *4-5 M.
Scientific planting. Spring is planted from late March to early April. 3 to 4 days before planting, sufficient water was injected into the planting hole to make the living soil sink. The seedlings were soaked in clear water for 24 hours before planting, then dipped in mud, then dipped in rooting powder, and then planted immediately. After planting, watering in time, covering the soil and covering the plastic film to preserve moisture, and covering a layer of soil on the plastic film to protect the plastic film.
3. scientific fertilization.
First, apply basal fertilizer in autumn. The method of applying basic fertilizer in autumn is to apply 3000kg organic fertilizer per mu to fruitless trees and 5000kg organic fertilizer per mu to fruitless trees. After harvesting Middle-ripe fruit, the late-ripening fruit is combined with deep ploughing of orchard before harvesting, and the depth is 20-30 cm.
Control nitrogen fertilizer and popularize compound fertilizer. Excessive use of nitrogen causes fruit quality decline and soil harden. Special compound fertilizer and three-dimensional compound fertilizer should be used for fruit trees. Generally, 0.25 kg per plant should be applied for annual trees, and 0.25 kg per year should be increased thereafter. Results the fruit yield was calculated by 100kg, and 100kg was applied to each node.
3. Spraying fertilizer on the leaves. Foliar spraying is a fast fertilization method with high fertilizer use efficiency. Humic acid spray fertilizer is a liquid fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements. It is non-toxic and non-polluting, and is an ideal fertilizer for developing green food. Usage: spray 200 times of liquid 3 to 5 times during growing season.
4. reasonable shaping and pruning. According to the planting density, the new orchards adopt different shaping methods. The orchards with row spacing of 2 m 6550 Results The main task of tree shaping was to transform the tree shape to improve the spindle shape and tree density.
(1) pruning of young trees. The pruning of young trees is mainly plastic, usually in early spring. Tree trunk below 50 cm skirt branches are not left, all removed; more than 50 cm branches every 20 cm to leave a branch, to choose a good direction. Branches over 70 cm in length are not cut, all slowly flattened and cut buds; the length of about 50 cm in length of light truncation; less than 30 cm of the branch very heavy short truncation to promote new shoots, the next year to be treated. Generally, the central stem does not cut short, but cut every 20cm ring to promote the uniform growth of the branches. From May to June, we should control the growth by twisting the shoots and picking the cores in time, and cut the main branches of the robust trees to promote flower bud differentiation.
(2) pruning of fruit trees at the beginning. The early fruit trees were combined with winter and summer pruning, mainly with summer scissors, and changed the previous winter scissors. Winter pruning is mainly sparse and shrinkage shears supplemented. For the upright branches in the crown, there is space to be flattened, there is no space to be removed; long branches, thin branches are firmly removed; the auxiliary branches affecting the growth of the backbone branches are mainly reduced and pruned, transformed into large fruiting branch groups; for the moderate branch or moderate branch, the long-let not cut to promote flowering. Summer pruning mainly adopts bud cutting, twisting, twisting and girdling. In the middle of May, when the shoots grow to 15 cm, the shoots should be twisted in time. If the shoots exceed 20 cm, the shoots should be picked and controlled. If there is no room for growth, the shoots should be removed in time. If there is space, the shoots can be cut and cut to promote new shoots. In early June, girdling was carried out with vigorous trunk girdling, while girdling with weak vigor could be used to promote flower bud differentiation and fruit expansion. Pull branches or branches in August to pull the branches to nearly 80 degrees. By reasonable pruning and shaping, the sprouting rate and flowering rate can be increased.
5., strengthen the management of flower and fruit and improve fruit quality.
Flowers and fruits are thinning and fruit thinning. Starting from the inflorescence separation stage, one inflorescence is left every 20-25 cm, one central flower is left for each inflorescence, and the rest is completely removed. Orchards with unstable flowering stage can keep more central flowers and fruit thinning after fruit setting, leaving one fruit every 20-25 cm.
2. Fruit bagging. Bagging begins at two weeks after flowering and ends on the 45 day after flowering. The whole garden was sprayed with insecticides and fungicides before the bagging, and the free drooping central fruit bagging was selected. Pick the bag 20 to 25 days before harvest, double bag first tear the outer bag, then remove the inner bag 5 days later. Combined with the tearing bag, the leaves were shaded by the side of the fruit and the reflective film was placed under the tree.
Third, produce selenium enriched healthy apples. A large number of experiments have proved that selenium is the protector of important organs of human body. Supplementing 200 UG (microgram) selenium every day can effectively prevent and treat various diseases of liver and heart. Selenium-rich health apples can be produced by spraying 5000 times of sterilized fertilizer type II on leaves one week before flowering, 10 days after flowering and one month before fruit harvest.